NAS常用软件及配置方法

基于Debian13配置

  1. 移除自动更新服务的程序apt remove needrestart
  2. 更改文件权限为最低chown -R nobody:nogroup backup

1. 安装软件

1.1 常用的工具

vim nano git sudo zsh curl wget lsof htop tree fzf autojump lrzsz smartmontools

1.2 常用应用软件

proxychains4 plocate docker.io docker-cli docker-compose

2. 更改shell安装Oh My Zsh 管理 zsh 配置。

https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh 

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# curl
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://install.ohmyz.sh/)"
# wget
sh -c "$(wget -O- https://install.ohmyz.sh/)"

2.1 安装Oh My Zsh 常用插件。

https://github.com/zsh-users

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#语法高亮
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting

#自动补全
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions

2.2 Oh My Zsh的配置文件。

编辑~/.zshrc文件

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export ZSH="$HOME/.oh-my-zsh"
#root用户
ZSH_THEME="ys"
#User用户
#ZSH_THEME="bira"

HIST_STAMPS="mm/dd/yyyy"

plugins=(git cp zsh-interactive-cd extract history autojump zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting)
#plugins=(sudo z zsh-history-substring-search.zsh zsh-completions command-not-found colored-man-pages safe-paste)

alias update="apt update && apt upgrade -y"
#alias ls="exa -l"
#alias rm='trash-put'
#alias rmclean='trash-empty'
#alias rmrest='trash-restore'
#alias rml='trash-list'
#alias rmrm='trash-rm'
## trash-cli 常用功能
## trash-put 将文件或目录移入回收站
## trash-empty 清空回收站
## trash-list 列出回收站中的文件
## trash-restore 还原回收站中的文件
## trash-rm 删除回首站中的单个文件
alias gpush='git add . && git commit -m "$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S)" && git push'
alias lastb='journalctl -u ssh | grep "Failed"'
source $ZSH/oh-my-zsh.sh

3. v2ray代理

V2Fly.org
GitHub - v2fly/fhs-install-v2ray

3.1 安装应用

apt install -y v2ray

3.2 开机自启动

systemctl enable v2ray --now

3.3 备份配置文件

cp /etc/v2ray/config.json{,-backup}

3.4 更改配置文件

nano /etc/v2ray/config.json

3.5 服务端配置

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{
    "inbounds": [
        {
            "port": 55180,
            "protocol": "vmess",
            "settings": {
                "clients": [
                    {
                        "id": "fd5c7194-e66c-4f23-aaa0-a2c4c75dc3df"
                    }
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "port": 1081,
            "listen": "100.123.45.67",
            "protocol": "http",
            "settings": {}
        }
    ],
    "outbounds": [
        {
            "protocol": "freedom"
        }
    ]
}

[!TIP]
Linux 可以使用命令 cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid 来生成id。
"listen": "100.123.45.67",这里是 VPS 的 Tailscale IP，允许Tailscale网络直接使用http代理。
3.6 客户端配置

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{
  "inbounds": [
    {
      "port": 1081,
      "listen": "127.0.0.1",
      "protocol": "http",
      "settings": {}
    },
    {
      "port": 1082,
      "listen": "127.0.0.1",
      "protocol": "socks",
      "settings": {
        "udp": true
      }
    }
  ],
  "outbounds": [
    {
      "protocol": "vmess",
      "settings": {
        "vnext": [
          {
            "address": "88.88.88.88",
            "port": 55180,
            "users": [
              {
                "id": "fd5c7194-e66c-4f23-aaa0-a2c4c75dc3df",
                "alterId": 0,
                "security": "auto"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

[!TIP]
"address": "88.88.88.88",这里是 VPS 的公网IP。
3.4 测试代理

  • 测试VPS的http代理（仅允许tailscale内网使用）
    curl -x http://100.104.66.71:1081 -I https://www.google.com
  • 测试本地http代理
    curl -x http://127.0.0.1:1081 -I https://www.google.com
  • 测试本地socks代理
    curl -x socks5h://127.0.0.1:1082 -I https://www.google.com
    3.5 终端使用代理
    编辑配置文件
    nano /etc/proxychains4.conf
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    #本地代理（通过v2ray的vmess协议）
    #socks5 127.0.0.1 1082
    #http 127.0.0.1 1081
    #远程代理（直连VPS）
    #http 100.104.66.71 1081
    #局域网代理
    #socks5 172.16.31.31 7891
    #http 172.16.31.31 7891
    proxychains apt xxxxx
    3.6 docker使用代理
    创建docker.service.d目录
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    mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d

使用 tee 命令直接创建带内容的文件

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tee /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/http-proxy.conf << 'EOF'
[Service]
Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1:1081"
Environment="HTTPS_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1:1081"
Environment="NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1,.local,.cn"
EOF

3.7 测试拉取镜像

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docker pull hello-word

4. samba共享配置

安装应用

apt install -y samba

禁止nmbd(局域网发现)开机自启

systemctl disable nmbd

开机smbd(主程序)自启动

systemctl enable smbd --now

备份配置文件
cp /etc/samba/smb.conf{,-backup}

添加配置
nano /etc/samba/smb.conf

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[Public]
  path = /mnt/backup/1-2024-03-15
  public = yes
  writable = yes

[User]
  path = /mnt/backup/1-2024-03-18
  browseable = yes
  valid users = koicc
  writable = yes

允许匿名用户写入

chown -R nobody:nogroup /mnt/backup/1-2024-03-15

设置 Samba 密码
sudo smbpasswd -a koicc

重载配置

systemctl daemon-reload

重启应用

systemctl restart smbd

查看应用状态

systemctl status smbd

5. transmission下载管理

5.1 安装应用

apt install -y transmission-daemon

5.2 开机自启动

systemctl enable transmission-daemon --now

5.3 更改程序运行权限

nano /usr/lib/systemd/system/transmission-daemon.service 

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[Service]
#User=debian-transmission
User=koicc
Group=koicc

5.4 备份配置文件

cp /etc/transmission-daemon/settings.json{,-backup}

5.5 更改配置文件

nano /etc/transmission-daemon/settings.json

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{
    "alt-speed-down": 50,
    "alt-speed-enabled": false,
    "alt-speed-time-begin": 540,
    "alt-speed-time-day": 127,
    "alt-speed-time-enabled": false,
    "alt-speed-time-end": 1020,
    "alt-speed-up": 50,
    "announce-ip": "",
    "announce-ip-enabled": false,
    "anti-brute-force-enabled": true,
    "anti-brute-force-threshold": 5,
    "bind-address-ipv4": "0.0.0.0",
    "bind-address-ipv6": "::",
    "blocklist-enabled": false,
    "blocklist-url": "http://www.example.com/blocklist",
    "cache-size-mb": 128,
    "default-trackers": "",
    "dht-enabled": false,
    "download-dir": "/home/koicc/Downloads/pt/movie",
    "download-queue-enabled": false,
    "download-queue-size": 5,
    "encryption": 0,
    "idle-seeding-limit": 30,
    "idle-seeding-limit-enabled": false,
    "incomplete-dir": "/home/koicc/Downloads/pt/incomplete",
    "incomplete-dir-enabled": true,
    "lpd-enabled": false,
    "message-level": 2,
    "peer-congestion-algorithm": "",
    "peer-limit-global": 500,
    "peer-limit-per-torrent": 100,
    "peer-port": 51413,
    "peer-port-random-high": 65535,
    "peer-port-random-low": 49152,
    "peer-port-random-on-start": false,
    "peer-socket-tos": "le",
    "pex-enabled": false,
    "pidfile": "",
    "port-forwarding-enabled": true,
    "preallocation": 2,
    "preferred_transport": "utp",
    "prefetch-enabled": true,
    "proxy_url": "",
    "queue-stalled-enabled": false,
    "queue-stalled-minutes": 30,
    "ratio-limit": 2.0,
    "ratio-limit-enabled": false,
    "rename-partial-files": true,
    "reqq": 2000,
    "rpc-authentication-required": false,
    "rpc-bind-address": "0.0.0.0",
    "rpc-enabled": true,
    "rpc-host-whitelist": "",
    "rpc-host-whitelist-enabled": false,
    "rpc-password": "{25d6eeaeb0c865b62a86093e72ae00e8e9e8e97bhBNWTEYE",
    "rpc-port": 9091,
    "rpc-socket-mode": "0750",
    "rpc-url": "/transmission/",
    "rpc-username": "koicc",
    "rpc-whitelist": "127.0.0.1,::1",
    "rpc-whitelist-enabled": false,
    "scrape-paused-torrents-enabled": true,
    "script-torrent-added-enabled": false,
    "script-torrent-added-filename": "",
    "script-torrent-done-enabled": false,
    "script-torrent-done-filename": "",
    "script-torrent-done-seeding-enabled": false,
    "script-torrent-done-seeding-filename": "",
    "seed-queue-enabled": false,
    "seed-queue-size": 10,
    "sequential_download": false,
    "sleep-per-seconds-during-verify": 100,
    "speed-limit-down": 100,
    "speed-limit-down-enabled": false,
    "speed-limit-up": 100,
    "speed-limit-up-enabled": false,
    "start-added-torrents": true,
    "start_paused": false,
    "tcp-enabled": true,
    "torrent-added-verify-mode": "fast",
    "trash-original-torrent-files": true,
    "umask": "022",
    "upload-slots-per-torrent": 5,
    "utp-enabled": true,
    "watch-dir": "/home/koicc/Downloads/pt/watch",
    "watch-dir-enabled": true,
    "watch-dir-force-generic": false
}

5.6 重载配置

systemctl daemon-reload

5.7 重启应用

systemctl restart transmission-daemon

5.8 查看应用状态

systemctl status transmission-daemon

5.9 创建目录 + 设置所有者 + 设置读写权限 

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mkdir -p /home/koicc/Downloads/pt/{incomplete,movie,watch} && chown -R koicc:koicc /home/koicc/Downloads/pt && chmod -R 755 /home/koicc/Downloads/pt

6. qbittorrent下载管理

6.1 安装应用

apt install -y qbittorrent-nox

6.2 开机自启动

systemctl enable qbittorrent-nox@koicc --now

6.3 隐藏BT提示信息

nano /usr/lib/systemd/system/qbittorrent-nox@.service 

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[Service]
Type=simple
PrivateTmp=false
User=%i
#ExecStart=/usr/bin/qbittorrent-nox
ExecStart=/usr/bin/qbittorrent-nox --confirm-legal-notice
TimeoutStopSec=1800

6.4 备份配置文件

cp /home/koicc/.config/qBittorrent/qBittorrent.conf{,-backup}

6.5 更改配置文件

nano /home/koicc/.config/qBittorrent/qBittorrent.conf 

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[Application]
FileLogger\Age=1
FileLogger\AgeType=1
FileLogger\Backup=true
FileLogger\DeleteOld=true
FileLogger\Enabled=false
FileLogger\MaxSizeBytes=66560
FileLogger\Path=/home/koicc/.local/share/qBittorrent/logs

[BitTorrent]
MergeTrackersEnabled=true
Session\AddExtensionToIncompleteFiles=true
Session\DHTEnabled=false
Session\DisableAutoTMMByDefault=false
Session\ExcludedFileNames=
Session\IgnoreLimitsOnLAN=true
Session\LSDEnabled=false
Session\MaxConnections=-1
Session\MaxConnectionsPerTorrent=-1
Session\MaxUploads=-1
Session\MaxUploadsPerTorrent=-1
Session\PeXEnabled=false
Session\Port=48411
Session\QueueingSystemEnabled=false
Session\SSL\Port=28168
Session\TempPathEnabled=true
Session\UseCategoryPathsInManualMode=true
Session\uTPRateLimited=false

[Core]
AutoDeleteAddedTorrentFile=IfAdded

[LegalNotice]
Accepted=true

[Meta]
MigrationVersion=8

[Network]
Cookies=@Invalid()
PortForwardingEnabled=false

[Preferences]
MailNotification\req_auth=true
WebUI\AuthSubnetWhitelist=172.16.31.0/24, 192.168.6.0/24, 192.168.88.0/24
WebUI\AuthSubnetWhitelistEnabled=true
WebUI\CSRFProtection=false
WebUI\ClickjackingProtection=false
WebUI\HostHeaderValidation=false
WebUI\LocalHostAuth=false
WebUI\Password_PBKDF2="@ByteArray(kUG+fsV7K14Yy5z8J2m5Lw==:ZFNmLfcFFfYHSsrb0A1TJIyRTPkIDbbXLLjHh7l7Vctqd83JvsTe7e1AkV/gg41W/067QSkW8umuH8rAPPPCaQ==)"
WebUI\Port=9092
WebUI\SecureCookie=false
WebUI\Username=koicc

[RSS]
AutoDownloader\DownloadRepacks=false
AutoDownloader\EnableProcessing=true
AutoDownloader\SmartEpisodeFilter=s(\\d+)e(\\d+), (\\d+)x(\\d+), "(\\d{4}[.\\-]\\d{1,2}[.\\-]\\d{1,2})", "(\\d{1,2}[.\\-]\\d{1,2}[.\\-]\\d{4})"
Session\EnableProcessing=true

6.6 重载配置

systemctl daemon-reload

6.7 重启应用

systemctl restart qbittorrent-nox@koicc

6.8 查看应用状态

systemctl status qbittorrent-nox@koicc

https://www.qbittorrent.org/news

Tags · qbittorrent/qBittorrent · GitHub

7. syncthing文件同步

安装应用

apt install -y syncthing

开机自启动

systemctl enable syncthing@koicc --now

备份配置文件

cp /home/koicc/.local/state/syncthing/config.xml{,-backup}

更改配置文件，允许访问，添加账户密码

/home/koicc/.local/state/syncthing/config.xml

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<gui enabled="true" tls="false" debugging="false" sendBasicAuthPrompt="false">
    <address>0.0.0.0:8384</address>
    <user>koicc</user>
    <password>$2a$10$J3OXmAOdnfmW.3InDGgRn.Z8wz/sWK7ygUHu3LQJxyzLDQt8HMnYe</password>
    <apikey>EZPH9MCMaj3jPZysME3rFV6sK3bzECYG</apikey>
    <theme>default</theme>
</gui>

重载配置

systemctl daemon-reload

重启应用

systemctl restart syncthing@koicc

查看应用状态

systemctl status syncthing@koicc

https://github.com/syncthing/syncthing
https://syncthing.net/
https://apt.syncthing.net/

NAS网络存储
#Debian NAS Linux
NAS常用软件及配置方法
http://example.com/2026/05/02/NAS网络存储/NAS常用软件及配置方法/index/
作者
秋雨夜眠
发布于
2026年5月2日
许可协议